Butromeeva, in „Olma-Press“ in 2000 „Encyclopedia for children“ volume I, in „Avanta +“ Moscow, 1996

From non-metallic minerals known deposits of nitrate, sulfur, marble, sea buckthorn, salt. The natural saltworks that supplies salt to all of Turkey is Lake. Ace.

Climate

The territory of Turkey is within the subtropical climate zone. However, mountainous, highly dissected terrain and very complex air circulation have led to a great variety of climatic regions.

The Black Sea coast of Turkey has a moderately warm climate, characterized by high humidity, relatively even distribution of precipitation over the seasons, roast in summer and cool winters. The average temperature in January on the coast is -1-5, + 7 °, in July +22, + 24 °.

The high Pontic Mountains in winter protect the Black Sea coast from the effects of cold air masses of the interior of the country, and the Black Sea reduces the effects of cold northern winds. In addition, the eastern part of the Black Sea coast is protected from cold winds by the high Caucasus Mountains.

The Black Sea coast receives the most rainfall, which is also largely due to the high Pontic Mountains. In the eastern part of the coast there is up to 2500 mm of precipitation per year. In the western parts of the coast precipitation is less than 700-800 mm. The southern slopes of the Pontic Mountains are drier than the northern windward slopes. Heavy rainfall on the northern slopes at all times of the year is caused by the prevailing northwest winds blowing from the Black Sea and Mediterranean cyclones.

A fairly wide strip of the Aegean coast and a very narrow Mediterranean coast are characterized by a typical Mediterranean climate with its characteristic hot dry summers and warm rainy winters. The average temperature of the hottest month (or July, August) in Adana reaches + 28 ° and the coldest (or January, February) + 10 °.

In the eastern, more mountainous areas, summers are cool, frosts occur in winter. The amount of precipitation on the Aegean coast is 500-800 mm per year, 1000-1500 mm in the western clear Taurus (on windward slopes) and up to 500 mm in the eastern.

The north of Western Anatolia, exposed to the warm Marmara Sea (the temperature of the upper layer of water in summer is about + 25 ° C, in winter about +8) has favorable climatic conditions for agriculture. The shores and islands of the Marmara Sea – a favorite vacation spot for residents of Istanbul and surrounding cities. In the spring, when the Black Sea coast is still cold, you can already swim in the Marmara Sea.

Rivers

The territory of Turkey, with the exception of the Anatolian Plateau, is covered by a dense river network. But all rivers are mountainous, abound in waterfalls, rapids and therefore navigable. However, the importance of the river as a possible source of hydropower is still very poorly used. Partly surface waters of Turkey are used for irrigation.

The flow of the year is extremely uneven. In the rainy seasons and during the period of melting snow for many years turn into stormy streams and pose a threat of floods, and in the usually dry summer and autumn seasons are very mild, the smallest of them often dry up completely.

The largest rivers in Southwest Asia originate in the mountains of Turkey: the Euphrates, which originates in Eastern Anatolia, and the Tigris, which flows from the Armenian Highlands.

Flora

The flora of Turkey includes about 6,700 species of plants, most of which are members of the families of compositae, legumes and crucifers. More than a third of plant species are endemic to Turkey. Especially many endemics among xerophilous plants: astragalus, acantholimon, cousin. There are also many endemic relics of the Tertiary period: the balsam tree and others.

The vegetation of Turkey is very diverse. It varies depending on climatic conditions and terrain. Significant changes in the natural flora of Turkey have made man: large areas of steppes plowed, caused great loss of forests, especially in Western Anatolia – the most populated part of Turkey.

Sights of Turkey

In general, Turkey, the number of attractions is not inferior to Greece. Or Italy Spain, but due to lack of information little is known about this.

The territory of present-day Turkey was alternately part of the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman empires, making it rich in monuments of all these cultures. Despite the fact that the state religion in the country is Islam, Muslims get along well with Christians and Jews. That is why when you come to Turkey, you feel at home. In Antalya, for example, it is hardly safe to say that this is a purely Islamic territory, except for the occasional minarets.

On the coast of Kemer, on the edges of which are Kemer and Fethiye, is Demre – a place consecrated by Nicholas the Wonderworker, for many years the bishop who served here. There is a church here, later restored by Princess Golitsyna.

It is on the territory of Turkey, now a Muslim country, that Orthodox Christianity was professed in the past, and monuments of a culture close to us are of more interest than palaces than burials. The walls of yellow and black marble with columns and tombstones on the porticos evoke images of antiquity from a history textbook. The feeling is enhanced by seeing the amphitheater built by the ancient Greeks.

At the very top of the surface part of the island of Kekova proudly rises Kalika Castle. Massive fortress walls are reminiscent of less peaceful times, pirate raids and bloody wars.

In Turkey, are the ruins of the ancient city of Phaselis – a favorite winter vacation spot of Alexander the Great.

Not far from Antalya, to the southeast of it, is the ancient amphitheater Aspendos, perfectly surviving from ancient times: preserved ancient ornaments and striking acoustics. That is why music festivals are held here. On the way from Aspendos is an aqueduct built during Roman rule. Nearby is the dead city of Persia – never the largest city in the ancient state of Pamphylia. – the ruins of which still amaze and attract, like the Egyptian pyramids.

To see the unique wonder of nature, you must visit Cappadocia in Turkey. Folded rocks and underground cities of the first Christians, who hid here from persecution, have been preserved here. In the mountains, Christians built underground churches of striking beauty (outwardly, they were well disguised, which allowed them to protect themselves from plunder).

There is an open-air museum on Mount Nemrut in the east of the country near the city of Adyaman, and it is considered the eighth wonder of the world. At an altitude of 2000 meters from the ground grow huge bas-reliefs, 10-meter statues of gods, human and bird heads made of stone. It is still a mystery how these stones were raised to such a height. Sunrise and sunset enhance the magnetism and mystery of this place.

In conclusion, it should be noted that in the city of Antalya is worth exploring the old city with narrow streets and markets. The city of Antalya was named after its founder Attalos, King Bergamo. The old fortress wall is almost not destroyed, and the minaret of Ivli has been preserved in its original form. At night, when the city lights the lights and opens the doors of bars, restaurants and discos, you can fully enjoy the high quality of food, service and entertainment.

Holidays in Turkey

In addition to sightseeing in Turkey, you can relax here: it’s warm, sea, sun. This wonderful resort can be visited all year round. Travel companies develop special programs of rest, excursions.

You can visit with children Aqualand – the world of water entertainment, ride a yacht on the Mediterranean Sea, make a fascinating descent on a mountain river in canoes and rafts (called rafting). Exciting swimming can remember the beauty of scuba diving by renting a video camera for scuba diving.

Many excursion routes have been developed for tourism lovers.

Thus, Turkey – a country with large recreational resources, attracts tourists from around the world for educational, health, sightseeing and other purposes, which leads to mutual cooperation.

literature

„Atlas of the World“. „Encyclopedia for the Curious“ edited by V. Butromeeva, in „Olma-Press“ in 2000. „Encyclopedia for Children“ Volume I, in „Avanta +“ Moscow, 1996

04.12.2011

Forest resources: concepts and functions. Forest recreation. Abstract

The concept of forest recreation, types of forest recreation. Forest recreational potential of Ukraine

The concept of forest recreation, types of forest recreation

Forest recreation is the stay of people on the lands of the forest fund for cultural, health, tourist and sports purposes. The recreational potential of forests allows us to identify the following types of forest recreation:

Camping forest recreation – many days with overnight stay of people in specially equipped on the lands of the forest fund parking lots and recreation centers for recreation, physical development, entertainment; Daily forest recreation – daily stay of people without overnight stay for the purpose of rest; Sports and mass events – the compare and contrast essay online buy stay of people without an overnight stay for the purpose of competitions and training sessions in various sports, including adventure tourism; Forest tourism – a multi-day trip with a group of people on a certain route for recreation, physical development, cognition; Forest tour – a short visit without a night to a group of people of a prominent object for the purpose of learning, learning, recreation.

Forest recreational potential of Ukraine

The natural and recreational potential of Ukraine has a high diversity, which is largely explained by the peculiarities of the geographical location of the territory and its historical and economic development.

The geographical position of Ukraine creates objective conditions for the allocation of forest tourism as one of the promising areas in the economy of Ukraine.

The territory of the Carpathians, Volhynia, Crimea are unique in terms of relief, rivers, lakes, rare combination of species of plants and animals and their communities.

The recreational potential of the territory of the forest fund of Ukraine has not yet been fully studied and calculated.

If necessary, this should be done by research institutes based on forest management materials and possible field surveys.